Colorectal cancer

Introduction

·         Second most common cause of cancer deaths in the UK.

·         Each year 30,000 new cases diagnosed (68% colon, 32% rectal)

·         Disease more common in westernises countries then Asia or Africa

BURN ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

I.               Assessing Severity of Burn Injury

A.            Functions of the Skin

1.            maintains fluid and electrolyte balance

2.            protects the body from invasion

3.            regulates body temperature

B.           Anatomy

1.            epidermis

2.            dermis (includes epidermal appendages)

3.            subcutaneous tissue

4.            fascia and muscle

HERNIA

OBJECTIVES

 What is meant by hernia
 The mechanism of developing a hernia
 Signs and symptoms produced by a hernia
 The types of hernia
 Complications produced as a result of hernia
 Treatment of hernia
 Preventive measures against development of hernia

ACUTE ABDOMEN

INTRODUCTION

 Is the most common presenting surgical emergency. It has been estimated that at least 50% of general surgical admissions are emergencies and 50% of them present with acute abdominal pain.

Abdominal Injuries

Introduction

• Blunt abdominal trauma is the leading cause

of morbidity and mortality in all ages.

Acute Abdomen

General name for presence of signs, symptoms of inflammation of peritoneum (abdominal lining)


History

Shock

Outline

 Definition

 Epidemiology

 Physiology

 Classes of Shock

 Clinical Presentation

 Management

 Controversies

Pancreatic Pseudocyst

l   A fluid collection contained within a well-defined capsule of fibrous or granulation tissue or a combination of both

l   Does not possess an epithelial lining

l   Persists > 4 weeks

Cholangiocarcinoma

Definition of Cholangiocarcinoma

q Bile duct cancers arising from ductal epithelial cells

q Refers to cancers arising in the intrahepatic (~5-15%), perihilar (~60-70%), or distal (extrahepatic ~25%) biliary tree

q Represents approx. 3% of all gastro-intestinal malignancies

Breast Cancer

Risk Factors
§ Age >50
§ Family History
§ LCIS or atypical hyperplasia
§ Dense breast tissue
§ BRCA mutation

Blunt Aortic Injury

• Caused by high acceleration/deceleration
• e.g. MVA, MCA, ped vs. auto

• CXR
• Suspicion if:
• widened mediastinum (although only present in 2/3 of cases)
• Indistinct aortic knob (21%)
• ¼ of cases have normal CXRs
Associated injuries